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The Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) has garnered global attention after outbreaks reported in China and its subsequent detection in Indonesia. Here are seven important facts about this virus that you need to know:

1. HMPV in China

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) has raised global concern due to a spike in cases in China in early 2025. The virus spreads rapidly, especially in the northern regions of China, leading to a significant increase in respiratory infections.

HMPV symptoms resemble the common flu and include cough, cold, fever, shortness of breath, sore throat, and fatigue. However, in more severe cases, the virus can lead to complications such as bronchitis or pneumonia.

In early January 2025, Chinese health authorities reported an increase in HMPV cases, stressing that the virus is not new and has been known for some time.

HMPV has been around since 2001, and many people have a certain level of immunity to it. The recent increase in cases has raised concerns, especially regarding the high infection rate in children.

2. HMPV Enters Indonesia

On January 6, 2025, Indonesia’s Ministry of Health announced the detection of the HMPV virus in the country. All identified cases involved children, indicating that this age group is more susceptible to infection.

Minister of Health Budi Gunadi Sadikin reassured the public not to panic as HMPV is not a new virus and has been recognized in the medical world for a long time.

The Indonesian government has stated that HMPV is not deadly and is similar to the common flu, despite its presence in the country.

Most people infected with this virus will recover on their own without needing special treatment. However, vulnerable groups such as children, the elderly, and individuals with compromised immune systems should remain cautious.

The Ministry of Health has also increased surveillance at national entry points, including health quarantine controls for international travelers showing symptoms of Influenza Like Illness (ILI), to prevent further spread of the virus in Indonesia.

3. Is the HMPV Virus Contagious?

HMPV is transmitted through respiratory droplets from infected individuals, similar to other flu viruses.

Transmission can happen through direct contact with body secretions like sputum or mucus, or by touching contaminated surfaces.

The virus can also spread from person to person, particularly in crowded environments such as schools or childcare centers.

4. HMPV is Not Lethal

According to the latest data, HMPV is not considered a lethal virus. Minister of Health Budi Gunadi Sadikin affirmed that the virus has characteristics similar to the common flu, with symptoms including cough, fever, cold, and shortness of breath.

Most people infected with the virus will recover without the need for special treatment. Furthermore, data shows that the mortality rate from HMPV is very low, nearly nonexistent.

5. HMPV is different from Covid-19

Although both target the respiratory system, HMPV and Covid-19 have significant differences. HMPV is an older virus, discovered in 2001, while the Covid-19 virus emerged in late 2019.

HMPV tends to affect children and the elderly, while Covid-19 can impact all age groups.

Covid-19 spreads faster than HMPV and can lead to more severe complications, including Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).

6. There is currently no vaccine for HMPV

Currently, there is no specific vaccine available to prevent HMPV infection. Vaccinations for other respiratory diseases, such as the influenza vaccine, can strengthen the immune system and may lower the risk of complications from HMPV infection.

Research to develop a vaccine for HMPV is ongoing, but to date, preventive measures primarily involve basic hygiene steps such as handwashing, covering your mouth when coughing, and avoiding contact with sick individuals.

7. HMPV Does Not Have Pandemic Potential

Experts say HMPV is unlikely to cause a pandemic like Covid-19. The virus has been around for several decades, so there is a certain level of immunity in the global population from previous infections.

Additionally, the transmission rate of HMPV is lower compared to Covid-19, and there is no evidence that the virus can cause severe or deadly disease on a large scale.

By understanding these facts, you can remain calm and vigilant in facing the potential spread of the HMPV virus.

Simple preventive measures like maintaining hygiene, avoiding contact with sick people, and boosting your immune system can help reduce the risk of infection and the spread of the virus.

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